Kerikeri
Kerikeri | |
|---|---|
 The Kerikeri Mission Station, with the Stone Store at left, St James at rear, and Mission House on the right | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 35°13′28″S 173°57′5″E / 35.22444°S 173.95139°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Northland Region |
| District | Far North District |
| Ward | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa |
| Community | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa |
| Subdivision | Kerikeri |
| Settled by Europeans | 1814 |
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Territorial Authority | Far North District Council |
| • Regional council | Northland Regional Council |
| • Mayor of Far North | Moko Tepania |
| • Northland MP | Grant McCallum |
| • Te Tai Tokerau MP | Mariameno Kapa-Kingi |
| Area | |
• Total | 22.05 km2 (8.51 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2024)[2] | |
• Total | 8,360 |
| • Density | 380/km2 (980/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 0230 |
Kerikeri (Māori: [kɛɾikɛɾi])[3] is the largest town in Northland, New Zealand. It is a tourist destination 240 kilometres (150 mi) north of Auckland and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Northland's only city, Whangārei. It is sometimes called the Cradle of the Nation,[4][5] as it was the site of the first permanent mission station in the country, and it has some of the most historic buildings in the country.
A rapidly expanding centre of subtropical and allied horticulture, Kerikeri is in the Far North District of the North Island and lies at the western extremity of the Kerikeri Inlet, a northwestern arm of the Bay of Islands, where fresh water of the Kerikeri River enters the Pacific Ocean.
The village was established by New Zealand's pioneering missionaries, who called it Gloucester Town,[6] but the name did not endure. The Māori word Kerikeri was recorded by said missionaries as Keddi Keddi or Kiddeekiddee, before the romanisation methods they used were revised to what is used today.[7]
In 1814, Samuel Marsden acquired land at Kerikeri from Hongi Hika for the use of the Church Missionary Society for a payment of forty-eight axes.[8] The protector of the Kerikeri mission station was the chief, Ruatara, a nephew of Hongi Hika.[9]
Kerikeri was the first place in New Zealand where grape vines were planted. Samuel Marsden planted 100 vines on 25 September 1819 and noted in his journal that New Zealand promised to be very favourable to the vine. In the same year Charlotte Kemp planted the first citrus. New Zealand's first commercial plantings of passionfruit were established in 1927,[10] and in around 1932 the country's first avocados were planted.[citation needed] The plough was first used in New Zealand at Kerikeri, by Rev. J. G. Butler, on 3 May 1820.[11]
Origins and naming
[edit]The origin of the name Kerikeri is not exactly known, and there have been many conflicting definitions given over the years. It is likely Kerikeri derives its name from the river as John Nicholas wrote "the river that discharged itself into the cove was called by the natives Tecaddiecaddie....".[12] after visiting the area in 1815.
One definition of the word "kerikeri" is 'to keep digging'.[13] It is known that Māori had extensive gardens in the area when Europeans arrived.
Another definition derives from Kerikeri te ana wai — "the churning or boiling over of the waters". That would have aptly described the freshwater river tumbling into the salt water over the falls which were then higher (being blasted early in the 1900s to accommodate a bridge). However, some Māori say it derives from hukerikeri which means "bubbling up", and there is a sad reasoning behind this. Hongi Hika, a famous or infamous chief depending on whether one fought with or against him, is reputed to have fathered the child of a captured slave at Kororipo Pā. As this was unacceptable to the tribe, the baby was placed in the water to drown but persistently rose to the surface, hence the "bubbling up".[citation needed]
What are now called Wharepuke Falls, upriver from the Stone Store Basin, were called the Kerikeri Falls until the 1930s when given the name Wharepoke which referred to the large adjacent area of native bush. A French doctor, Messier Lesson, visited Kerikeri in 1824 and wrote that among stomach ailments suffered by Māori was "gravelle" (gravel) which they called Kiddee Kiddee. He said it was also the word for a cascade of water.
There are also persistent claims that the falls referred to by the missionaries as "The Kiddikiddi" were what we now call the Rainbow Falls. That is impossible because although Nicholas visited and referred to Tecaddiecaddie in 1815 it was not until 1822 that missionaries Francis Hall and James Kemp became the first Europeans to see them.[citation needed]
Tourist slogan
[edit]The local Kerikeri slogan is "It's So Nice They Named It Twice".[14] In the early 1980s, an anonymous backpacker wrote those words in the Visitors' Book at the Kerikeri Youth Hostel. It was brought to the attention of the then editor of the local newspaper, the Kerikeri Chronicle, who gave it publicity, and it quickly became adopted as a quasi-official slogan. Kerikeri is a former winner of the "New Zealand's Top Small Town" title bestowed annually by North and South magazine, and this has since been the main focus of most tourism marketing of the town.
Demographics
[edit]Kerikeri covers 22.05 km2 (8.51 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 8,360 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 379 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 5,490 | — |
| 2013 | 6,006 | +1.29% |
| 2018 | 7,185 | +3.65% |
| 2023 | 8,070 | +2.35% |
| The 2006 population is for a larger area of 25.40 km2 Source: [15][16] | ||
Kerikeri had a population of 8,070 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 885 people (12.3%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 2,064 people (34.4%) since the 2013 census. There were 3,870 males, 4,173 females and 30 people of other genders in 3,336 dwellings.[17] 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 51.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 1,302 people (16.1%) aged under 15 years, 1,014 (12.6%) aged 15 to 29, 3,147 (39.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,613 (32.4%) aged 65 or older.[16]
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 84.8% European (Pākehā); 18.3% Māori; 3.3% Pasifika; 6.4% Asian; 1.1% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.8%, Māori language by 4.5%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 10.9%. No language could be spoken by 1.5% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.3%. The percentage of people born overseas was 30.3, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 31.7% Christian, 1.4% Hindu, 0.3% Islam, 1.0% Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.5% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 1.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 55.0%, and 7.7% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,149 (17.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 3,549 (52.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,644 (24.3%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $33,700, compared with $41,500 nationally. 627 people (9.3%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,643 (39.1%) people were employed full-time, 933 (13.8%) were part-time, and 156 (2.3%) were unemployed.[16]
| Name | Area (km2) |
Population | Density (per km2) |
Dwellings | Median age | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riverview | 7.59 | 2,595 | 342 | 993 | 49.6 years | $36,200[18] |
| Kerikeri Central | 3.71 | 2,661 | 717 | 1,161 | 48.4 years | $29,700[19] |
| Kerikeri South | 10.75 | 2,814 | 262 | 1,182 | 55.0 years | $36,700[20] |
| New Zealand | 38.1 years | $41,500 |
Historic sites
[edit]Kororipo pā
[edit]Kororipo pā is the remains of a Māori fortified settlement in the Kerikeri basin. Historically it is known Ngāi Tawake defended the pā as their outlet to the sea in the 1770s and it was the launch place Hongi Hika used in the 1820s for raids on other tribes.[21][22][23]
Mission House
[edit]
Originally called the Mission House, and then for more than 100 years Kemp House, but now again called Mission House, this is the oldest wooden structure still standing in New Zealand. A much visited and photographed building, it is administered along with the Stone Store (see below) by Heritage New Zealand.
It was built by the Church Missionary Society for the Rev John Butler (New Zealand's first clergyman) who became the first occupant in 1822, but only for a short while. There was a succession of occupants until 1832 when the mission blacksmith James Kemp and his wife Charlotte Kemp moved in with their family. The Kemps acquired ownership of the house and surrounding land in 1859 by trading land they owned at nearby Kororipo Point.
From then on the Mission House became Kemp House and it remained in the Kemp family until 1974 when it was given to the Nation by Ernest Kemp, a great grandson of the missionary James Kemp and Charlotte Kemp.[24]
St. James Church
[edit]St James', the wooden church on the hill above the Stone Store, is the third built in the area, and second on this picturesque site overlooking the basin. The missionaries' first little combined chapel and school was built near the water and dedicated on 19 April 1824. It was replaced in 1829 when a 38-by-18-foot (11.6-by-5.5-metre) lath and plaster structure was erected on the present site of St James. It came complete with a town clock which was later incorporated in the Stone Store.
The new and slightly larger St James, built of weatherboard and battens, was dedicated in 1878. It was another 85 years before the church was extended to its present-day size to cater for a growing congregation (1963). In 1968 a damaging tornado hit Kerikeri with enough force to skew St James' off line. Services had to be held elsewhere until a major repair and restoration was completed. The church bell came from HMNZS Black Prince, a light cruiser which had served with the Royal New Zealand Navy.
Stone Store
[edit]
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The Stone Store, a former storehouse, is the oldest stone building in New Zealand, construction having begun on 19 April 1832. The keystone above the door bearing the date 1833 is thought to have been carved by the stonemason William Parrott who cut the Sydney sandstone in situ, but construction of the building was not actually completed until mid-1836.
Stone was used because the missionaries needed a vermin-free, fireproof area for their supplies and provisions, and for improved security from inquisitive Māori. There was a plan to build a mill where the bridge exists now, and to protect the flour produced from locally grown wheat in the store. But the mill was never built, and the millstones brought out from England went inland to Waimate North instead.
Curiously enough, when work started on the building, Māori were already moving out of the district, and when it was finally completed there were very few Māori remaining at Kerikeri. Furthermore, there were rumblings within the missionary community that Kerikeri was becoming the backwater of missionary activity, eliminating the need to store goods and provisions there. It was considered a folly at the time, but one that blesses Kerikeri today.
Over the years, the Stone Store suffered the cumulative effects of adjacent traffic movements and the ravages of normal wear and tear. Costly remedial work was required and in the 21st century a bypass was constructed and opened on 23 June 2008, to divert traffic and protect the building for posterity. The old stone store bridge was completely removed in the second half of 2008. The reasons for removal of the original bridge are controversial, and there was a groundswell of protest from a number of local residents. The bridge was removed regardless and the debate over whether this was the correct course of action has yet to be resolved in the minds of many residents. The building has been restored to its original state, but does not include the tower on the roof containing the clock removed from the chapel further up the hill, which was removed as a safety measure a long time ago.
Te Ahurea
[edit]
Rewa's Village was built in the 1970s to fundraise for legal services to stop a housing subdivision in the Kerikeri basin area. The land was later bought and turned into a public reserve. Ngāti Rēhia took over the site in 2020 and renamed it Te Ahurea (lit. 'culture') following $1.25 million being granted from the Provincial Growth Fund.[25][26] Rewa's Village was a recreation of a fishing village but today Te Ahurea contains recreated whare, gardens for growing traditional medicine, waka tours, and cultural workshops. The attraction is based on the 1790–1835 period of Maori culture.[26]
Arts and culture
[edit]The KOAST (Kerikeri Open Art Studios Trail), which highlights Kerikeri local artists and art galleries, is an annual arts trail held over Labour Weekend since 2014. In 2019 the trail featured 40 artists at 21 studios.[27][28] The Turner Centre, a performing arts and events venue, opened in 2005. It presents nationally touring events as well as locally produced performances.[29]
Education
[edit]Kerikeri High School is the largest school in Northland. A secondary (years 7–13) school, with a roll of 1638[30]
Kerikeri Primary School and Riverview School are contributing primary (years 1–6) schools with rolls of 543[31] and 432[32] students.
Springbank School is a private composite (years 1–13) school with a roll of 216.[33]
Bay of Islands International Academy is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 65.[34]
All these schools are coeducational. School rolls are as of August 2024[35].
NorthTec polytechnic also has a campus in Kerikeri.[36]
Airport
[edit]Kerikeri Airport, 4.2 km from town at 35°16′S 173°55′E / 35.267°S 173.917°E, is called the Bay of Islands Airport. It is served by Air New Zealand flights from Auckland and has a steadily increasing patronage, handling a record 110,000 passengers in financial 2017/2018. The existing terminal was not fit for purpose and did not meet Air New Zealand's requirements, while growth in passenger numbers also put pressure on the existing facilities. A new $4.75 million terminal opened on 16 June 2019 with improved arrivals/departures, baggage screening and luggage collection facilities.[37]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Kerikeri (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1945–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.3 (93.7) |
33.2 (91.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.5 (52.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 111.9 (4.41) |
123.0 (4.84) |
135.8 (5.35) |
151.6 (5.97) |
173.8 (6.84) |
198.3 (7.81) |
226.5 (8.92) |
185.6 (7.31) |
159.4 (6.28) |
116.5 (4.59) |
100.2 (3.94) |
141.6 (5.57) |
1,824.2 (71.83) |
| Source: NIWA[38][39] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "kerikeri – Māori Dictionary". maoridictionary.co.nz. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ "Kerikeri the cradle of New Zealand". Northern Advocate. 12 April 2012.
- ^ "The Cradle of the Nation Te Kohanga". kerikeri.co.nz. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
- ^ John, Butler (12 October 1819). "EARLIEST NEW ZEALAND CHAPTER III. DIARY OF J. G. BUTLER, 1819". "We have named our new settlement Gloucester Town, in honour of our very dear friend, the Bishop of Gloucester" (Henry Ryder). New Zealand Electronic Text Collection – Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ "Earliest New Zealand: The Journals and Correspondence of the Rev. John Butler, Chapter X". New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Carleton, Hugh (1874). "Vol. I". The Life of Henry Williams. Early New Zealand Books (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. p. 26.
- ^ "The Church Missionary Gleaner, March 1857". A Glimpse of New Zealand as it Was. Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ^ "Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Retrieved 22 December 2016.
- ^ "New Zealand Encyclopedia".
- ^ Nicholas, John Lyddiard (1819). Verhaal eener reis naar Nieuw-Zeeland, gedaan in de jaren 1814 en 1815, in gezelschap met de weleerw. heer Samuel Marsden (in Dutch). Vol. 1. p. 395.
- ^ "kerikeri". Te Aka Māori Dictionary.
- ^ Easther, Elisabeth (20 December 2016). "Kia ora: Kerikeri". The New Zealand Herald.
- ^ "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Riverview (102800), Kerikeri Central (103000) and Kerikeri South (103100).
- ^ a b c "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Kerikeri (1025). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Riverview. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Kerikeri Central. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Kerikeri South. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Kororipo Pā Historic Walk". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ Orange, Claudia (2015). "Kerikeri". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ "Kororipo Pa". Kerikeri. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ Schrader, Ben. "Kerikeri mission house". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture & Heritage. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ de Graaf, Peter (8 December 2020). "Tired Kerikeri tourist attraction reborn as a living cultural centre". Northern Advocate. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
Munro said the reinvention of the site called for the new name, which translates literally as "culture".
- ^ a b Philp, Matt (Spring 2024). Dunlop, Anna (ed.). "Park life". Heritage New Zealand. No. 174. Heritage New Zealand. pp. 40–45. ISSN 1175-9615.
- ^ "Kerikeri Open Art Studios Trail". Northland, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ "KOAST". KOAST.
- ^ "About". Turner Centre. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ Education Counts: Kerikeri High School
- ^ Education Counts: Kerikeri Primary School
- ^ Education Counts: Riverview School
- ^ Education Counts: Springbank School
- ^ Education Counts: Bay of Islands International Academy
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "Kerikeri". NorthTec. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ Piper, Denise (17 June 2019). "New Bay of Islands Airport terminal can cope with 'significant' increase in passengers". Stuff. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Kerikeri Aerodrome Aws". NIWA. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 1056, 1057, 1085, 1087, 37258)". NIWA. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
External links
[edit]
- Welcome To Kerikeri Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Kerikeri map
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
